Identifying internal and external factors of pressure injury in surgical patients: Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: Pressure injury (PI)induced by surgical interventions usually occurs within a few hours after surgery. This comprehensive study aims to identify internal and external factors of PI in surgical patients. Methods: The research used descriptive data from all the papers searched in ScienceDirect, CINAHL, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases, ensuring a thorough investigation. The review results were analyzed and grouped into intrinsic and extrinsic factors for pressure injury in patients with surgery. Results: Results of identification of internal factors including reduced mobility, age, body mass index (BMI), albumin, comorbidities, blood pressure, nutritionalstatus, andbody temperature, while external factors include length ofoperation, medicalequipment and medication, nurse knowledge, temperature, surfaces or interface pressure, friction and shear, positioning, blood loss, and tools. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that internal and external factors can predict pressure injuries in surgical patients. The analysis indicates that the predictor variables for surgical patients’ pressure injuries are often under control. More studies are required to validate the PI prediction model, but the comprehensive nature of this study provides a solid foundation for future research.