Hormonal regulation and crosstalk of auxin/cytokinin signaling pathways in potatoes in vitro and in relation to vegetation or tuberization stages

Abstract

Auxins and cytokinins create versatile regulatory network controlling virtually all aspects of plant growth and development. These hormonal systems act in close contact, synergistically or antagonistically, determining plant phenotype, resistance and productivity. However, the current knowledge about molecular interactions of these systems is still scarce. Our study with potato plants aimed at deciphering potential interactions between auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways at the level of respective gene expression. Potato plants grown on sterile medium with 1.5% (vegetation) or 5% (tuberization) sucrose were treated for 1 h with auxin or cytokinin. Effects of these two hormones on expression profiles of genes belonging to main signaling pathways of auxin and cytokinin were quantified by RT‐qPCR. As a result, several signaling genes were found to respond to auxin and/or cytokinin by up‐ or down‐regulation. The observed effects were largely organ‐specific and depended on sucrose content. Auxin strongly reduced cytokinin perception apparatus while reciprocal cytokinin effect was ambiguous and sucrose‐dependent. In many cases, functional clustering of genes of the same family was observed. Promoters in some clusters are enriched with canonic hormone‐response cis‐elements supporting their direct sensitivity to hormones. Collectively, our data shed new light on the crosstalk between auxin‐ and cytokinin signaling pathways.