Evolution of organization: From herd to a cyber-physical system

Abstract

The modern approach to the digital economy is conditioned by the forth industrial revolution and the mastering of cyber-physical technologies of the sixth industrial practice. It stimulates appearing new technological and socio-economic conditions of social reproduction, which result in new specific forms organizing the public economy and social management. In order to understand and analyze these new forms, it is necessary to study the evolution of organization as an object of management in detail. Being a socio-economic system, the history of the organization has covered a long way, accompanied by the extinction of old and appearance of new organizational forms. The article also discusses organizational and legal characteristics of future cyber-physical organizations based on the analysis of their evolution as an object of management. Public-private partnership becomes one of the forms to develop an organizational support to integrative cyber-physical, technological and economic processes in the public economy and social management in industrial countries in the 21st century. This partnership also has a potential to become an important competitive advantage of the Russian economy in the conditions of an intensive transition to a digital economy, as it is an integral factor to develop cyber-physical technological chains and digital economic links. This paper aims at analyzing the evolution of organization as a managerial object. It also seeks to work out a theoretical notion of public-private partnership, which should not only be a common project of the state structures and private business to solve separate investment tasks in the infrastructural sphere, but also become a social-economic development factor of a country and its regions. This factor should ensure the growth of a synergetic effect from integrating cyber-physical technological systems and digital managerial and economic structures. The methodological base of this research include such scientific methods as generalization, analysis and synthesis, systematic approach, and the combination of historical and logical approaches.