Direct preconditioning of cultured chick ventricular myocytes: Novel functions of cardiac adenosine A(2a) and A3 receptors

Abstract

Preconditioning with brief ischemia before a sustained period of ischemia reduces infarct size in the perfused heart. A cultured chick ventricular myocyte model was developed to investigate the role of adenosine receptor subtypes in cardiac preconditioning. Brief hypoxic exposure, termed preconditioning hypoxia, prior to prolonged hypoxia, protected myocytes against injury induced by the prolonged hypoxia. Activation of the adenosine A1 receptor with CCPA or the A3 receptor with Cl-IB-MECA can replace preconditioning hypoxia and simulate preconditioning, with a maximal effect at 100 nM. While activation of the A(2a) receptor by 1 μM CGS21680 could not mimic preconditioning, its stimulation during preconditioning hypoxia, however, attenuated the protection against hypoxia-induced injury. Blockade of A(2a) receptors with the selective antagonist CSC (1 μM) during preconditioning hypoxia enhanced the protective effect of preconditioning. Nifedipine, which blocked the A(2a) receptor-mediated calcium entry, abolished the A(2a) agonist-induced attenuation of preconditioning. Isoproterenol, forskolin, and BayK 8644, which stimulated calcium entry, also attenuated preconditioning. Nifedipine blocked the increase in calcium uptake by these agents as well as their attenuating effect on preconditioning. The present study provides the first evidence that the adenosine A3 receptor is present on ventricular myocytes and can mediate simulation of preconditioning. The data demonstrate, for the first time, that activation of the A(2a) receptor antagonizes the preconditioning effect of adenosine, with increased calcium entry during the preconditioning stimuli as a novel mechanism.