Efecto antitrombótico, una característica poco conocida de las frutas y hortalizas

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in the world. Several risk factors for CVD, such as lipid disorders, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, are influenced by food. It is well known that fruits and vegetables contain antioxidants and its adequate consumption reduces cardiovascular risk. However, its antithrombotic effect (antiplatelet agent, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic) is little known. This review briefly describes these effects, both in vivo and in vitro, and the possible mechanisms that could explain this effect. Fruits such as black grape, pineapple, strawberry and kiwi show this effect. Among the vegetables that have antiaggregatory effect are garlic, onions, welsh onions, tomatoes and melons. On the other hand, the anticoagulant effect has only been found in fruits like pineapple, and among the vegetables in garlic and onions. The fibrinolytic effect has been described in fruits like kiwi and pineapple, and in vegetables such as garlic, onions and soybeans. Some fruits (pineapple and kiwi) and vegetables (onion and garlic) have more than one antithrombotic effect so their regular consumption certainly protects from CVD. We have begun the study, initially in vitro, of the potential antithrombotic effect of fruits and vegetables in the Maule Region. It is necessary to increase our domestic consumption and export of fruits and vegetables, both to improve the health of the population and the economy. The reasons above stated describe the importance of the contribution of knowledge due to the fact that antioxidant effects are less known. © 2008 Sociedad Chilena de Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología.