Comparison of standardized uptake value of 18F-FDG-PET-CT with 21-gene recurrence score in estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer

Abstract

Background: We investigated the relationship between 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET-CT) standardized uptake value (SUV) and 21-gene recurrence score (RS) in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. Materials and methods: One hundred sixty-seven patients were identified among those who underwent preoperative 18F-FDG-PET-CT and had RS. Maximum SUV was obtained from 18F-FDG-PET-CT; the cut-off point was 4. Results: The continuous RS and SUV correlated positively (Pearson's R = 0.555; P < 0.001). An inverse correlation was found between progesterone receptor (PR) expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and SUV (Pearson's R = -0.408; P < 0.001). Good agreement between dichotomized RS (<26 vs. ≥26) and SUV (<4 vs. ≥4) was observed in 137 of 167 patients (82.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 76.2-87.9). Among patients with low SUV, 114 of 115 (99.1% [95% CI, 97.4-100.0]) had tumors with lower RS (<26). Although 23 of 52 women (44.2% [95% CI, 30.7-57.7]) with high SUV had higher RS (≥26), all 13 women with high RS (≥31) had high-SUV tumors. Most cases with disagreements between SUV and RS (n = 30) were classified as high SUV/lower RS (n = 29). The discordant group had higher grade or elevated Ki67 expression (≥20%) compared with the low SUV/lower RS group (n = 109), but higher PR expression compared with the high SUV/higher RS group (n = 23). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that high SUV were associated with higher RS (≥26). Conclusions: SUV, as a biologic parameter represented using a continuous variable, was found to associate with RS in ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. Further studies may reveal the biology underlying the discordance between the markers.