Investigating the relationship between vitamin-D deficiency and glycemia status and lipid profile in nondiabetics and prediabetics in Saudi population

Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of developing diabetes, dyslipidemia, and other chronic diseases. We aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency, glycemic levels, and lipid profiles in individuals with prediabetes and nondiabetes. This observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 249 adults who were divided into 2 groups based on the American Diabetes Association classification: nondiabetics and prediabetics. The serum vitamin D levels, lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose levels, hemoglobin A1c levels, fasting insulin levels, and insulin resistance (IR) were evaluated. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in all participants was 30.9%, and mean vitamin D levels were significantly [P=.0004] lower in prediabetics, who were more common in females. Furthermore, prediabetics had significantly higher serum triglycerides [P=.0006], and significantly lower serum high-density lipoprotein levels [P=.0148] than those nondiabetics. Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. 31.4% of all participants were overweight and 40.2% were obese. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between vitamin D levels and IR and body mass indices≥25 in prediabetics [r=-0.92] [P