Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana in Controlling Helicoverpa armigera

Abstract

Helicoverpa armigera (Lep.: Noctuidae) is one of the most important pests of crops, which imposes huge management costs on farmers every year, and also causes environmental harm to the agricultural ecosystem because of the utilization of different chemical pesticides. In this study, the effectiveness of three various formulations of the insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and a biological insecticide based on the active ingredient Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and organic insect