Integrating Stakeholder-Oriented Reporting and Double Materiality in CSR Accounting: A Critical Evaluation of GRI Standards in Corporate Sustainability Disclosures

Abstract

This study focuses on the principle of dual materiality and the stakeholder disclosure mechanism in corporate sustainability reports, and assesses the corporate social responsibility disclosure practices of multinational companies based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards. The case study examined the 2022-2023 annual reports of ten companies and revealed a significant imbalance in stakeholder participation: the depth of information disclosure by investors and regulators was significantly greater than that by community organizations and civil society groups. At the level of dual materiality integration, environmental risk issues dominate, while social impact assessments such as human rights in the supply chain are relatively weak. The research reveals three major barriers to disclosure: information repetition leads to a decrease in reading efficiency, differences in compliance requirements between jurisdictions cause contradictions in disclosure, and the priority of reputation management weakens the integrity of negative information disclosure. Based on this, it is suggested to build an intelligent ESG management framework, optimize the disclosure focus through a dynamic stakeholder weight adjustment mechanism, and develop an automated compliance comparison tool to reduce institutional friction. This plan aims to improve the operability and credibility of corporate sustainability reports and provide theoretical support for the establishment of a unified global reporting standard.