Effects of plant growth regulators on in vitro seed germination, organ development and callogenesis in Pancratium maritimum L.

Abstract

The effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on seed germination and organ development in Pancratium maritimum L. (Sea daffodil) were evaluated comparatively. Also, the callogenesis response of in vitro-generated leaf, root, and bulb explants to PGR combinations was studied within the scope of this study. The effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (KIN), thidiazuron (TDZ), 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were tested on seed germination and organ development. The explants were cultured on 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and IBA combined with BAP and TDZ for callogenesis experiments. TDZ treatments increased seed germination (86.67 ± 5.77%), leaf number per plant (1.50 ± 0.17), and mean leaf length (5.19 ± 0.51 cm). IBA treatments enhanced rhizogenic response. Root length increased up to 3.76 ± 0.34 cm in the presence of IBA at 1.0 mg L− 1. However, NAA treatments significantly restricted root elongation. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that TDZ (1.0 and 2.0 mg L− 1) and IBA (0.25 and 1.0 mg L− 1) treatments exhibited similar seed germination and organ development results. The bulb explants (46.67–93.33%) were more potent for callus production than leaf (up to 23.33%) and root (up to 26.67%) explants. IBA treatments had a synergistic impact on callus induction from in vitro-generated bulb explants when paired with BAP or TDZ. The bulb calli gave a better organogenesis response to IBA than TDZ treatment at 1.0 mg L− 1. Consequently, in vitro seed germination, organ development, and callus production protocols for P. maritimum have been developed through a comprehensive evaluation of PGRs’ effects. Also, in vitro-grown plants were transferred to their natural habitat.