The Relationship of Diabetes Mellitus, Cognitive Impairment, Sleep Disturbance, and Sleep Impairment on Depression among Elderly 75 Years Old and Over in Indonesia

Abstract

Background/Purpose: The elderly are more susceptible to decline in health, both physically and mentally. The most common mental disorder experienced by the elderly is depression. Depression in the elderly can be associated with aging itself, with the highest prevalence of depression in Indonesia being 75 years and over. The life expectancy of the Indonesian population also continues to increase every year, so that the very-old elderly group will continue to grow. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional design using IFLS-5 data. A total of 543 respondents were selected according to the criteria in this study. Depression was assessed using the CESD-10 questionnaire. Univariate analysis was carried out to see the characteristics of the respondents, bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test and Fisher's Exact test was carried out to see the relationship between variables, and multivariate analysis was carried out using the Binary Logistic Regression test. Results: The prevalence of depression among elderly 75 years and over is 14.5%. The analysis showed that diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment, sleep disturbance, and sleep impairment significantly correlate with depression. The most influential risk factor for depression is diabetes mellitus (p=0,026; OR=3,85; CI=1,170-12,640). Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among the elderly 75 years and over in Indonesia is relatively high. Diabetes mellitus is the most influential factor of depression. There is a significant relationship between diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment, sleep disturbance, and sleep impairment with depression among the elderly 75 years and over in Indonesia.