Humanized anti-CD11d monoclonal antibodies suitable for basic research and therapeutic applications

Abstract

Background: Immunomodulatory agents targeting the CD11d/CD18 integrin are in development for the treatment of several pathophysiologies including neurotrauma, sepsis, and atherosclerosis. Murine anti-human CD11d therapeutic antibodies have successfully improved neurological and behavioral recovery in rodent neurotrauma models. Here, we present the progression of CD11d-targeted agents with the development of humanized anti-CD11d monoclonal antibodies. Methods: Primary human leukocytes and the THP-1 monocytic cell line were used to determine the binding of the CD11d antibodies, determine binding affinities, and assess outside-in signaling induced by CD11d antibody binding. In addition, a rat model of spinal cord injury was employed to demonstrate that the humanized monoclonal antibodies retained their therapeutic function in vivo. These determinations were made using a combination of flow cytometry, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, biochemical assays, and a locomotor behavioral assessment. Results: Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the humanized anti-CD11d clones bind both human monocytes and neutrophils. Using a THP-1 model, the humanized anti-CD11d-2 clone was then determined to bind both the active and inactive CD11d/CD18 conformations without inducing inflammatory cell signaling. Finally, an investigation using anti-CD11d-2 as a detection tool uncovered a mismatch between total and surface-level CD11d and CD18 expression that was not altered by CK2 inhibition. Conclusions: By developing humanized anti-CD11d monoclonal antibodies, new tools are now available to study CD11d biology and potentially treat inflammation arising from acute neurotrauma via CD11d targeting.