Perspective for Low COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake and its Effect in Ndola District, Zambia: A Qualitative Analysis

Abstract

Despite strides in vaccination, hurdles remain, especially regarding the uncertain acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccinations among healthcare workers and the public. This study assessed the Perspective of Low COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake and its Effect; contributing factors, perception and consequences of Low COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake evaluated. The study site was St. Dominic's Hospital (St. DH) and neighbouring area, Ndola, Zambia, utilising a qualitative research design. Purposive sampling was employed selected 50 participants were for Focus Group Discussions, and data was analysed thematically. The participants’ age group was 21-50 years. The findings revealed both positive perceptions and underscored the importance of vaccination in reducing the severity of disease and preventing deaths, recognizing the benefits of immunization. 53.7% of married have negative perceptions statistically significant (P-value <0.001) others expressing concerns about adverse effects, doubt, anxiety about safety, efficacy and mistrust in fast vaccine production. Anxiety about safety was prevalent at 86.4%, particularly in males P<0.001) and 41-50 years P<0.001). Regarding contributing Factors of hesitancy: 65.5% expressed reluctance with significant associations among 31-40 years (AOR=5.81 [2.14-15.80]; P=0.001), also were social and political factors, traditional beliefs, fear and misinformation. Moreover, (96.2%) expressed the negative effects of low COVID-19 vaccination, emphasizing the consequences of economic disruption, increased health risks and mental impacts. Participants highlighted strategies to address the Low COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake: community sensitization through various communication channels, outreach campaigns, and involvement of partnerships, health authorities and international organizations in a coordinated manner to address concerns. Prioritizing accurate information to build trust and improve the Uptake.