Generation of volatile compounds from carotenoids of Dunaliella bardawil algae by water bath heating and microwave irradiation

Abstract

The volatile compounds formed by thermal degradation of the carotenoids present in Dunaliella bardawil were investigated by microwave irradiation (MW) and water bath heating (WB) in different conditions of temperature and time using central composite design. Volatiles extraction by solid phase microextraction (SPME) was optimized and performed at 40 °C for 15 minutes, and those in greater amount were quantified by a validated method of gas chromatography coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC-qMS). Employing WB, 10, 12 and 120 ng mL-1 of β-cyclocitral, α-ionone e β-ionone, respectively, were obtained between 60 and 87 °C for 30-75 min, while by MW, 5, 5, 50 ng mL-1 were obtained between 75-107 °C for 1.5-2.8 min. Considering the shorter time of MW, it can be concluded that if the time necessary to obtain the best yield by WB is employed in multiple MW cycles, an amount 10 times greater of those compounds would be obtained by MW than by WB. The results suggest a new biotechnology application for the carotenoids of the microalgae of the Dunaliella genus.