CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PROFILE OF NEWLY DIAGNOSED DIABETIC PATIENTS IN A COHORT OF YOUNG ADULTS OF NATIONAL HEPATITIS C VIRUS SURVEY IN EGYPT

Abstract

Background: T2DM (Type 2 diabetes mellitus) is considered a disease that affects old age group. Recently, it has become common in children, adolescents and adults. Aim of the work: To highlight the challenges in differentiating T1DM (type1 diabetes mellitus) from T2DM (type2 diabetes mellitus) in early onset diabetes in youth depending on clinical and laboratory characteristics. Methodology: Our cross-sectional study was performed on 200 newly diagnosed diabetic patients aged (18-30) years. All patients were subjected to detailed medical history and full clinical examination. Laboratory investigations included FBS, 2hPP, HbA1C, fasting C peptide and GADA. Results: About 59% (118) of our patients were T2DM while (82) 41% were T1DM. T1DM was more dominant than T2DM in age group less than 25 years (T1DM 79% versus T2DM 21%, P < 0.001), while T2DM was more than T1DM in age group more than 25 years (T2DM 93% versus T1DM 17%, P < 0.001). GADA was detected in 73.2 % of T1DM patient and it was high titer while GADA was detected in only 8% of T2DM with low titer, in addition GADA positive patients were significantly younger than negative patients, age (20.9 ± 2.5 years vs. 26.4 ± 3.5 years respectively) (P <0.001). Conclusion: About 8% of phenotypically type 2 diabetic youth had GADA positive antibodies which did not confer impact on c peptide level or glycemic control yet type 1 diabetics who were GADA negative had a better glycemic control.