Efektivitas Ankle Control Balance Training (ACBT) Terhadap Gait Ability Lansia

Abstract

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Lanjut usia atau lansia adalah seseorang yang telah memasuki usia 60 tahun. Seiring bertambah usia maka akan terjadi perubahan kualitas kesehatan lansia. Salah satu permasalahan lansia adalah jatuh. Risiko jatuh erat kaitannya dengan penurunan kondisi fisik yang berpengaruh terhadap gait ability. Risiko jatuh pada lansia dapat diturunkan dengan peningkatan gait ability. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ACBT terhadap peningkatan gait ability lansia. Metode: Studi yang dipilih adalah Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) double blinding.Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive simple sampling. Jumlah sampel yang terpilih sebanyak 16 lansia dengan usia minimal 60 tahun, kemudian dibagi secara acak ke dalam kelompok kontrol dan intervensi. Sebelum dan setelah penelitian dilakukan tes Time Up and Go (TUG) untuk mengevaluasi gait ability. Kedua kelompok mendapat baseline treatment senam lansia dan edukasi pencegahan risiko jatuh seminggu sekali. Pada kelompok intervensi diberikan latihan tambahan berupa ACBT seminggu dua kali selama empat minggu. Hasil: Latihan ACBT berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan gait ability lansia. Sesuai dengan uji pengaruh paired t-test yang menunjukkan p-value pada kelompok intervensi 0,004 (p < 0,05) dan t-hitung > t-tabel (4,209 > 2,364) yang artinya data berpengaruh secara signifikan. Selain itu, independent t-test menunjukkan hasil p-value 0,008 (p < 0,05), artinya ada perbedaan pengaruh antara kelompok intervensi dan kontrol. Simpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ACBT secara statistik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan gait ability lansia. ABSTRACT Background: Elderly is someone who has entered the age of 60 years. With the age, there will be a change in the quality of health for the elderly. One of the problems of the elderly is fall risk. The fall risk is closely related with decline in physical activity conditions that affect to gait ability. Improve gait ability can reduce the fall risk in elderly. Purpose: This study is to know the effect of ankle control balance training on gait ability older adults. Methods: The study uses a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) double blinding. The selection of samples uses purposive simple sampling. The number of selected samples was 16 elderly with ≥ 60 years old, then randomly divided into the control and intervention groups. The Time Up and Go (TUG) test was conducted to evaluate the gait ability. Both of groups received elderly gymnastics and health education to prevent the risk of falls for once a week. The intervention group was given additional ACBT training for twice a week a months. Results: ACBT exercises have a significant statistic effect on increasing the elderly's gait abilities. According to the paired t-test which showed in the intervention group 0.004 (p < 0.05) and t-count > t-table (4.209 > 2.364) which means that the result is significant. In addition, the independent t-test showed the results of p-value 0.008 (p < 0.05), that means there were differences affect between the intervention and control groups. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that ACBT has a significant statistic effect on the improvement of elderly gait ability.