Relationship Between Hepatitis B Viral Load and Laboratory Parameters in HBsAg-Positive Patients: Insights from the Sub-Himalayan Region

Abstract

Introduction: Hepatitis B is the most prevalent virus that causes severe liver infection worldwide. According to the current guidelines, the HBV viral load and other factors can help in treatment decisions. Therefore, the present study explores the relationship between the HBV viral load and blood-based laboratory parameters. Methods: The HBV viral load was evaluated in blood samples from 159 HBsAg-positive patients (ICT-positive). The viral load was categorized as high (above 200,000 IU/mL), moderate (between 2000 and 200,000 IU/mL), or low (below 2000 IU/mL). The viral load was then compared with laboratory parameters. Results: A significant association was observed between the Hepatitis B viral load and the patient’s age (p < 0.01). The males showed a substantially higher viral load, with 29.2% of the male patients exhibiting elevated levels, compared to 11% of the females. A statistically significant correlation was found between the viral load and liver enzymes, specifically AST (p < 0.005) and ALT (p < 0.04), as well as calcium (p < 0.01). Notably, the elevated ALT and AST levels were more pronounced in the patients with moderate and high viral loads, suggesting a potential link to liver dysfunction. A remarkable insight uncovered in our study revolves around the notable increase in the serum calcium levels (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The AST, ALT, and serum calcium levels were the most altered parameters with high HBV viral load. Though limited reports are available on altered serum calcium levels, they could serve as potential laboratory markers for assessing disease progression in HBV infection. Moreover, focusing on potential therapies to normalize the AST, ALT, and serum calcium levels could offer promising avenues for combating HBV infection.