Methylation of GATC sites is required for precise timing between rounds of DNA replication in Escherichia coli

Abstract

We have used the Koppes and Nordstrom (Cell 44:117-124, 1986) CsCl density transfer approach for analysis of DNA from exponentially growing, isogenic Escherichia coli dam+ and dam mutant cells to show that timing between DNA replication initiation events is precise in the dam+ cells but is essentially random in the dam cells. Thus, methylation of one or more GATC sites, such as those found in unusual abudance within the origin, oriC, is required for precise timing between rounds of DNA replication, and precise timing between initiation events is not required for cell viability. Both the dam-3 point mutant and the Δ(dam)100 complete deletion mutant were examined. The results were independent of the mismatch repair system; E. coli mutH cells showed precise timing, whereas timing in the isogenic E. coli mutH Δ(dam)100 double mutant was random. The mechanism is thus different from the role of Dam methylation in mismatch repair and probably involves conversion of hemimethylated GATC sites present in daughter origins just after initiation to a fully methylated state.