The chemical pregnancy

Abstract

The chemical pregnancy is an early pregnancy loss occurring shortly after implantation. 50-75% of all miscarriages are considered to be chemical pregnancies. Although the pregnancy test is positive, the fetus cannot be detected on ultrasounds; it can be asymptomatic or it can have menstrual-like cramping and bleeding. There are numerous risk factors associated with miscarriage, such as: epidemiological, genetic, anatomical, endometrial, endocrine and immune factors, infections, inherited thrombophilia and antiphospholipid syndrome. Many drugs are related with spontaneous miscarriage, significant evidence being found for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, inhaled corticosteroids, antidepressant medication, antiepileptic and antihypertensive drugs, the artemisinin-based combination therapy and for the diclofenac/ misoprostol combination. Besides the common diseases like asthma, chronic hypertension, chronic kidney disease, thyroid disorders, diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovary syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis, there was also found a higher correlation with the risk of miscarriage for the Zika Virus infection. In conclusion, chemical pregnancy is a type of early pregnancy loss which usually doesn't need prevention, associated with multiple risk factors.