Discriminação de rendimentos por gênero: uma comparação entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos

Abstract

This paper compares the male and female earnings differentials in Brazil and in the United States, using Oaxaca's methodology. Female wages were equivalent to 68% of male wages in 1981, and to 80% in 1996. In the USA, this ratio was 66% in 1981 and 78% in 1996. In Brazil, female characteristics alone would cause a positive earnings differential, but these are counter-weighted by the lower returns to age. In the USA, male and female characteristics are similar and the return to age also explains a substantial part of the earnings gap. This could happen if female age does not accurately reflect labor market experience, due to fertility decisions, and some evidence is provided confirming this hypothesis.