Test Potency of Biduri Leaf Extract (Calotropis gigantea) as Acariside to Infestation of Tropical Fowl Mite (Ornithonyssus bursa) on Kampong Chicken

Abstract

The infestation of ectoparasites is one of the serious problem in poultry. Ectoparasites’ infestation could decrease livestock productivity and causes death that damaged to farmers. One of the ectoparasites that mostly infest kampong chicken is tropical fowl mite (Ornithonyssus bursa). Biduri (Calotropis gigantea) is one of potential plants for bioacariside. This study aimed to determine the potency of biduri leaf extract as bioacariside to infestation of tropical fowl mite on kampong chicken. Kampong chicken that naturally infested with tropical fowl mite were divided into five groups, each group consist of three chickens, respectively the treatments used in this study were biduri leaf extract solution with three different concentrations, which are 2 g/l, 4 g/l, and 6 g/l, cypermethrin 2 g/l as positive control, and aquades as negative control. Acariside treatment used dipping method. The observation of tropical fowl mite were performed before treatment, 24 hours after treatment, 48 hours after treatment, and 72 hours after treatment. Tropical fowl mite were counted with counter based on body regions of the chicken. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance. The observation of grooming activity used scan sampling method. Frequency of grooming activity were counted and analyzed descriptively. The results of biduri leaf extract treatment with the highest percentage of tropical fowl mite reduction and the highest percentage of grooming activity reduction were potentially as acariside to treat tropical fowl mite infestation on kampong chicken.