THE DISTRIBUTION OF PATHOGENS, RISK FACTORS AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS AMONG POST-SURGICAL SITE INFECTION IN RIZGARI TEACHING HOSPITAL IN ERBIL/KURDISTAN REGION/IRAQ

Abstract

Objectives: to find out the incidence of Post-Surgical Site Infections, risk factors, types of the isolated bacteria and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns for patients admitted to Rizgari Teaching Hospital in Erbil city. Methods: A prospective study was performed on 160 patients admitted to Rizgary Teaching Hospital for surgical operations over a period of six months (November 2015 to June 2016). Culture, identification and sensitivity tests for the isolated organisms from Post-Surgical Site Infections were done by using VITEK 2 systems in Laboratory of Rizgari Hospital. Results: The incidence of PSSIs was 19.4%. E.coli was the most common isolated pathogen (29.2%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (20.8%). Both Klebsiella pneumonia and Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus had 12.5% for each. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecium had 8.3% each and both Acinetobacter baumannii and Streptococcus spp. had only 4.2% each There was 100% resistance of E. coli regarding third generation cephalosporin but were 100% sensitive to Imipenem and meropenem. 60% of Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to oxacillin (MRSA). Smoking, past medical history, contaminated wounds, long duration of operation, and improper use of antibiotics were risk factors. Conclusion: There was an increased rate of PSSIs due to risk factors. There were multi-resistant strains of isolated bacteria mainly E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus which denotes the abuse of antibiotics. This can be attributed to lack of proper guidance for the use of antibiotics both prophylactically and postoperatively.