Climate change, natural disasters, and mental health of adolescents: A qualitative study from Bangladesh

Abstract

Bangladesh is among the countries severely affected by climate change, experiencing annual flooding in certain regions during the rainy season. These floods force people from affected areas to seek refuge in temporary shelters. However, life in these shelters presents significant challenges, including physical and mental health concerns, as well as socioeconomic challenges. Despite this, the mental health of adolescents living in flood shelters in natural disaster-prone areas remained understudied. This study aimed to examine the mental health of adolescents residing in flood shelters. Qualitative research tools are particularly effective for investigating mental health issues among specific age groups during disasters. Therefore, we conducted in-depth interviews with 53 adolescents who lived in shelters during the 2022 floods in northeastern Bangladesh. Our findings revealed a concerning prevalence of mental health issues among adolescents affected by floods. Rates of depression, psychological distress, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were notably elevated. Approximately 60.72% of the boys were suffering from PTSD, with around 71.42% of them experiencing depression. Among girls, 80% were affected by PTSD, while 84% were suffering from depression. Our research also highlights a gender disparity, with girls exhibiting higher levels of depression and trauma than boys. These findings provide valuable insights to guide both government and non-government organizations in formulating future policies regarding natural disaster management.