A single parameter, oxygenated hemoglobin, can be used to quantify experimental irritant-induced inflammation

Abstract

To quantify the dose-response relation of irritant-induced erythema, we examined inflammation in human skin after application of an irritant, using perpendicular polarized photography and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy as compared to clinical visual scoring. The ventral forearms of 11 healthy subjects were patch-tested for 24 h under occlusion in finn chambers with five concentrations of the irritant sodium lauryl sulfate. The tested sites and three control sites were evaluated clinically for erythema at 24, 48, and 72 h after occlusion, photographed using standard and perpendicular polarized photography, and measured by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. All photographs were evaluated for erythema by three investigators. Diffuse reflectance spectra were analyzed, and changes in apparent oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations were estimated. Clinical and photographic assessments of erythema yielded similar linear dose-response relations. A linear dose-response relation, with no minimum threshold, also was obtained for changes in the apparent oxyhemoglobin concentration with increasing irritant dose, whereas the apparent deoxyhemoglobin concentrations were unchanged with increasing dose. These results show that diffuse reflectance spectroscopy permits the characterization of irritant-induced inflammation in terms of a single parameter, the apparent concentration of oxyhemoglobin, and that irritant-induced inflammation primarily involves the capillaries and the superficial arterial plexus.