This article deals with judicial pluralism under the rule of the Almoravids and the Almohads. Both dynasties deserve to be considered jointly in a study of the judiciary in the pre-modern Islamic West. Given their close association with Mālikism, the Almoravids created a scenario apt for the Māluī fuqahā' to improve the position of qāḍī-s vis-à-vis governmental judges. Conversely, qāḍī-s are believed to have been deprived of a significant part of their powers and independence as a consequence of Almohad legal policy, which jeopardized Mālikism's predominance and control over the judiciary. This article is organized into three parts: (1) a diachronic overview of the specificities of the judiciary in al-Andalus and the Far Maghrib; (2) the Almoravids' judicial policy and the jurists' counter-reaction; (3) dialectics between rulers and Mālikī qāḍī-s in the Almohad period. The aim is to test whether textual evidence and previous research still support the idea that both periods mark a peak and a bottom respectively in the Mālikīs' position with political power, and therefore, in the balance of forces between qāḍī-s and governmental judges. Cet article traite du pluralisme judiciaire sous les Almorávides et les Almohades, deux dynasties de l'Occident musulman prémoderne dont les systèmes judiciaires méritent d'être étudiés ensemble. Compte tenu de leur proximité avec le mālikisme, les Almoravides mirent en place un scénario susceptible d'améliorer la position des cadis vis-à-vis des juges gouvernementaux. À l'inverse, on considère que les cadis furent privés d'une part significative de leurs pouvoirs et de leur indépendance en raison de la politique juridique des Almohades, qui mirent en cause la prédominance des mâlikites et leur contrôle de l'appareil judiciaire. L'article s'organise autour de trois axes : (1) un aperçu diachronique des spécificités de la judicature en al-Andalus et au Magrib al-Aqṣā; (2) la politique judiciaire des Almoravides et la contre-réaction des juristes; (3) les rapports dialectiques entre le pouvoir et les cadis mālikites à la période almohade. Il s'agit de vérifier dans quelle mesure les sources et les recherches antérieures confirment l'idée que les deux périodes marquent chacune le zénith et le nadir des relations entre les mālikites et le pouvoir politique, et donc de l'équilibre des forces entre cadis et juges gouvernementaux. ﺺ ﺨ ﻠﻤ ﻟا ت ﺚ ﺤ ﺒ ﻳ اﺬ ﻫ ل ﺎﻘﻤ ﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔ ﻳد ﺪ ﻌ ﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀ ﻘﻟا ل لا ﺧ ي ﺪ ﻬ ﻋ ﻦﻴﻄﺑاﺮﻤﻟا ﻦ ﻳﺪﺣ ﻮ ﻤ ﻟاو ، ﺎﻤﻫ و ن اﺪﻬﻋ ن ﺎﻘﺤ ﺘﺴ ﻳ ﺔ ﻳﺮ ﻣ ﺔ ﻣ ار ﺪ ﻟا ج ذ ﻮ ﻤ ﻨﻛ م ﺎﻈ ﺒ ﻟ ﻲ ﻛ ﺎﺤ ﻤ ﻟا ﻲﻓ بﺮﻐﻟا ﻲ ﻣلا ﺳلإ ا ٠ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺎﺑو ب ﺮ ﻘﻟ ﻦﻴﻄﺑاﺮﻤﻟا ﻦ ﻣ ﺐ ﻫ ﺬ ﻤ ﻟا ﻲ ﻜ ﻟﺎﻤ ﻟا ﺪ ﻘ ﻓ اﻮﻌﺿو ﺎﺠ ﻬ ﻨﻣ ﺐ ﺳ ﺎﻨﻳ ﻪ ﻘ ﻔ ﻟا ي ؟ل ﺎﻤﻟا ﻦ ﻴﺴ ﺤ ﺘ ﻟ ﺔ ﻧﺎﻜ ﻣ ةﺎﻀ ﻘﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻬﺟاﻮﻣ م ﺎ ﻜ ﺣ ﺔﻟوﺪﻟا ٠ ﻲﻓو ﻞ ﺑﺎﻘ ﻤ ﻟا ﻆ ﺣ لا ﻧ نآ ةﺎﻀﻘﻟا او ﺪﻘﻓ اﺀﺰﺟ ﺎﻣﺎﻫ ﻦ ﻣ ﻢ ﻬ ﺘ ﻠ ﻤ ﻃ لا ﻘﺘﺳ او ﻢ ﻬ ﺘ ﻴ ﻟ ﺔ ﺠ ﻴﺘﻧ ب ﻮ ﻃ لا ﻟ ﻲ ﺋﺎﻀ ﻘﻟا ي ﺬ ﻟا ﻪﺠ ﻬ ﺘﻧا ن و ﺪﺣ ﻮ ﻤ ﻟا ي ﺬ ﻟاو د ﺪ ﻫ ﺔ ﻨﻤ ﻴﻫ ﻦ ﻴ ﻴ ﻜ ﻟﺎﻤ ﻟا ﻢ ﻬ ﻤ ﻜ ﺤ ﺗ و ز ﺎﻬﺠ ﻟﺎﺑ ﻲ ﺋﺎﻀ ﻘﻟا . ر و ﺪﻳو اﺬ ﻫ ل ﺎﻘﻤ ﻟا لﻮﺣ ﺔ ﺛلا ﺛ تروﺎﺤﻣ لولاا ﻞ ﻜ ﺸ ﻳ ةﺮﻈﻧ ﺔﻴﺨ ﻳر ﺎﺗ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ت اﺰ ﻴﻤ ﻟ ﺔﻄ ﻠﺴ ﻟا ﺔﻴﻛ ﺎﺤ ﻤ ﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺲ ﻟﺪ ﻧلأ ا ﻲﻓو بﺮﻐﻤﻟا ﻰﺼﻗلاا ، ﻲﻧﺎﺜﻟاو قﺮﻄﺘﻳ ﻰﻟإ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﺔﻴﻛﺎﺤﻤﻟا ﻦ ﻳﺪﺣ ﻮ ﻤ ﻠﻟ ﻒﻗﻮﻣو ﺀ ﺎﻬﻘﻔﻟا ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ، ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟاو ﺞ ﻟﺎﻌ ﻳ ﺔﻗلا ﻌﻟا ﺔ ﻴﻟﺪ ﺠ ﻟا ﻦ ﻴﺑ ﺔ ﻠﺴ ﻤ ﻟا ةﺎﻀﻘﻟاو ﻦ ﻴ ﻴ ﻜ ﻟﺎﻤ ﻟ ا ل لا ﺧ ﺪ ﻬ ﻋ ﻮ ﻤ ﻟا * ﻦ ﻴ ﺒﺣ . ﺪﻗو ن ﺎﻛ ف ﺪ ﻬ ﻟا ﻮﻫ ﺪﻛ ﺄﺘﻟا ﺎﻤ ﻴﻓ اذإ ﺖ ﻧﺎﻛ ردﺎﺼﻤﻟا ثﺎﺤﺑلااو ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟا ﺎﻣ اﺰﺗ ﻢﻋ ﺪ ﺗ ةﺮﻜﻓ نآ لا ﻛ ﻦﻣ ﻦ ﻳﺪﻬ ﻌ ﻟا ﺪ ﻗ ﺪﻬﺷ ةﺮﺘﻓﻦﻣ جولا ا ﺾﻴﻀﺤﻟاو ﻲﻓ ﺔﻗلا ﻌﻟا ﻦ ﻴﺑ ﻦ ﻴ ﻴ ﻜ ﻟﺎﻤ ﻟا ﺔﻄ ﻠﺴ ﻟاو ﺔ ﻴﺳ ﺎﻴﺴ ﻟا ﻲ ﻟﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ﻲﻓ نزاﻮﺗ ى ﻮ ﻘﻟا ﻦ ﻴﺑ ةﺎﻀﻘﻟام ﺎﻜ ﺤ ﻟاو ﻦ ﻴﻳد ﺎﻌ ﻟا ﻦ ﻴﻌ ﺑﺎﺘﻟا ﺔ ﻟو ﺪ ﻠﻟ .
CITATION STYLE
Serrano, D. (2015). Judicial pluralism under the “Berber empires” (last quarter of the 11th century C.E. – first half of the 13th century C.E.). Bulletin d’études Orientales, (63), 243–274. https://doi.org/10.4000/beo.3229
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