Abstract
Limited precision floating point computer implementations of large polynomial arithmetic expressions are nonlinear and dissipative. They are not reversible (irreversible, lack conservation), lose information, and so are robust to perturbations (anti-fragile) and resilient to fluctuations. This gives a largely stable locally flat evolutionary neutral fitness search landscape. Thus even with a large number of test cases, both large and small changes deep within software typically have no effect and are invisible externally. Shallow mutations are easier to detect but their RMS error need not be simple.
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Langdon, W. B., Petke, J., & Clark, D. (2021). Dissipative polynomials. In GECCO 2021 Companion - Proceedings of the 2021 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion (pp. 1683–1691). Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1145/3449726.3463147
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