Miniaturized multistubs loaded rectangular monopole antenna for multiband applications based on theory of characteristics modes

Abstract

A miniaturized rectangular monopole antenna (RMA) integrated with a T-shaped stub, inverted long and short L-shaped stub resonators based on application of the theory of characteristic modes (CMs) is investigated for multiband operation. CMs of embedded multistubs resonators on the RMA are examined and perceived that the entire structure is able to excite magnetic and electric CMs, in which three valuable CMs at 2.69/3.68/5.35 GHz are attained to cover WiMAX and WLAN bands. Based on CM analysis, the design formulation of multistubs resonators loaded antenna is presented. The proposed multiband antenna has been fabricated, tested, and experimentally characterized. The measured fractional bandwidths (FBWs) are 7.03% (180 MHz, 2.47-2.65 GHz), 10.43% (360 MHz, 3.27- 3.63 GHz), and 11.42% (630 MHz, 5.20-5.83 GHz). The antenna exhibits isolated multiple frequency bands, stable monopole-like radiation patterns, and flat realized gains over the operating resonance bands while maintaining the small antenna size.