Tinjauan Siyasah Dusturiyyah terhadap Konsep Pengawasan KPK pasca Revisi Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2019

Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis dampak keberadaan Dewan Pengawas terhadap efektivitas Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) pasca pengesahan Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2019. Perubahan kelembagaan ini menimbulkan kontroversi karena dianggap membatasi ruang gerak KPK dalam pemberantasan korupsi, yang tercermin dari penurunan Indeks Persepsi Korupsi (IPK) lima tahun terakhir. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan sumber hukum primer berupa UU No. 19 Tahun 2019 dan dokumen resmi KPK, serta sumber sekunder dari literatur hukum dan kajian siyasah dusturiyyah. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif-analitik dan deduktif untuk menilai implikasi regulasi terhadap efektivitas KPK dan kesesuaiannya dengan prinsip siyasah dusturiyyah, termasuk keadilan (‘adalah), musyawarah, dan transparansi (shafafiyyah). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan Dewan Pengawas berpotensi melemahkan kinerja KPK, terdapat pro-kontra dalam pembentukan dan kewenangannya, serta beberapa aspek regulasi bertentangan dengan prinsip siyasah dusturiyyah. Temuan ini menekankan perlunya evaluasi regulasi untuk memastikan KPK tetap efektif sekaligus berlandaskan prinsip hukum dan tata kelola yang adil, transparan, dan akuntabel. Penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan kontribusi akademik serta masukan bagi pengembangan kebijakan reformasi kelembagaan KPK.This study analyses the impact of the Supervisory Board on the effectiveness of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) following the enactment of Law No. 19 of 2019. This institutional change has sparked controversy as it is considered to limit the KPK's scope of action in eradicating corruption, as reflected in the decline in the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) over the past five years. The study uses a normative juridical approach with primary legal sources in the form of Law No. 19 of 2019 and official KPK documents, as well as secondary sources from legal literature and constitutional studies. The analysis was conducted descriptively, analytically, and deductively to assess the implications of the regulation on the effectiveness of the KPK and its compatibility with the principles of siyasah dusturiyyah, including justice ('adalah), deliberation, and transparency (shafafiyyah). The results of the study show that the existence of the Supervisory Board has the potential to weaken the performance of the KPK, there are pros and cons regarding its formation and authority, and several aspects of the regulation contradict the principles of siyasah dusturiyyah. These findings emphasize the need for regulatory evaluation to ensure that the KPK remains effective while being based on the principles of law and governance that are fair, transparent, and accountable. This research is expected to contribute academically and provide input for the development of KPK institutional reform policies.