Polymeric Composite Reinforced with PET Fiber Waste for Application in Civil Construction as a Cladding Element

Abstract

The construction industry contributes enormously to the high levels of carbon dioxide on the planet. For this reason, the sector has been investing in the development of new products that reduce the environmental impact. This study developed a fibrous polymeric composite using industrial residues of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers for application in civil construction as a cladding element. The thermal and morphological characterization of the fiber was performed using Thermogravimetry (TG) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Composites with 1, 3, and 5% PET fibers were obtained. Mechanical, morphological properties, chemical resistance, the effect of ultraviolet radiation and water absorption of the composites were evaluated. The results were compared to parameters established by the Brazilian standard NBR 15.575-3. Fibers had a smooth surface but with small surface defects, diameter between 20 and 30 µm and thermal stability up to 325.44 °C. The addition of 5% PET fibers resulted in an increase of more than 300% in the impact resistance of the composites, but with a reduction in the flexural strength. The mechanical and chemical resistance results met the parameters established by the standard used in the study. The degradation chamber test indicated that PET fibers suffered more from exposure to ultraviolet radiation than the polymeric matrix.