Multi-elemental risk assessment of various baby rice cereals: Some cause for concern?

Abstract

This study used batch and online methods to accurately determine how much arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) can be leached from baby rice cereals into a baby’s body. Speciation analysis of the saliva and gastric juice leachates was conducted to further assess the risk associated with the continued consumption of baby rice cereal for infants. A simple 15 min chromatographic analysis successfully separated eight species consisting of As(III), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), As(V), Se(IV), Se(VI), Cr(III), and Cr(VI). Given that 95%–100% As, 29%–100% Cr, 62%–100% Pb, 70%–100% Se, 63%–100% Cd, 36%–100% Cu, 67%–100% Fe, and 70%–100% Zn were bio-accessible and the speciation analysis results showed all bio-accessible As and Se to be in the forms of As(V) and Se(VI) and 70%–100% of Cr to be in the Cr(III) form, a variety of foods should be fed to infants rather than just baby rice cereal to ensure a well-balanced diet and less exposure to As at such a young age.