Keterkaitan pangan dan politik-ekonomi global

Abstract

Background: Global food needs will continue to increase, this cannot be separated from the increase in population which has implications for increasing food needs which until now the world's population has reached 7.7 billion. According to FAO in 2050 we need to produce 60% more food to meet the needs of the world's population of 9.3 billion. In addition to the increasing need for food, another problem is the unfulfilled global food needs due to inequality and lack of access. Findings: This is reflected in the amount of food waste that occurs in developed countries reaching 679 million tons/year with food waste per capita in Europe and North America reaching 95 kg and 115 kg while in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia it only reaches 6-11 kg per capita. In addition, in 2016, the number of chronically malnourished people in the world is estimated to reach 815 million and has increased from 777 million in 2015. This phenomenon shows that the problem that occurs is not only the fulfillment of food but also accessibility and affordability of every level of society. The availability and unavailability of food are related to the relationship between supply and demand in a global context. Methods: This study was conducted using qualitative methods and instrumental case studies. Conducting in-depth interviews with the targets to be achieved, document studies, and observations are the data collection methods used. Conclusion: Factors that influence food politics and dynamics have a long chain, not only farmers and buyers but there are indirect agents that add to the food process chain. The monopoly that occurs is not only limited to the processing of the food industry, even from the input chain such as seed supply, and maintenance (agrochemicals) also become indirect agents that affect global food. In addition to infiltration through the form of agropoly, food issues are also directly intervened by various global institutions. Global policy interventions through institutions are carried out directly on agricultural policies and in general development policies that overall encourage global market agriculture. This is a double-edged sword, on the one hand farmers who have access can benefit from integration into a large system, on the other hand farmers are very vulnerable when they do not have access to the free market.