Contextual factors influence work outcomes in employed patients with ankylosing spondylitis starting etanercept: 2-year results from AS@Work

Abstract

Objectives: The aim was to determine changes over time in work outcomes and investigate the predictive value of baseline personal and work-related factors on the evolution of work outcomes among employed patients with AS initiating etanercept. Methods: Employment status, absenteeism and presenteeism were assessed using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment for AS questionnaire in a 24-month open-label, observational study (NCT01421303). The potential effect of baseline factors on work outcomes was analysed using predictive modelling (Cox regression and linear mixed models). Results: After 24 months, 11/75 (14.7%) patients had permanently withdrawn from employment (seven because of AS). Absenteeism and presenteeism decreased significantly within 6 months of etanercept treatment and remained stable thereafter. Predictive modelling indicated that male sex (hazard ratio = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.85), (log) number of working hours per week (hazard ratio = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.51) and the possibility of developing skills (hazard ratio = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.91) positively influenced time in employment. Over time, lower absenteeism was significantly associated with the quality of contact with colleagues [coefficient (s.e.): -0.35 (0.10)] and importance of the job for quality of life [-0.49 (0.17)], and higher absenteeism with current smoking [1.66 (0.44)] and change in job because of illness [1.51 (0.66)]. Over time, lower presenteeism was associated with male sex [-14.5 (2.64)], the possibility of postponing work [-6.60 (2.73)], quality of contact with colleagues [-2.04 (0.96)] and >50 workers in the company [-7.65 (2.76)], and higher presenteeism with manual profession [8.41 (2.72)]. Conclusion: Contextual factors influence work outcomes over time and should not be ignored when aiming to improve work outcomes in patients with AS. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01421303.