On the saturation of acoustic mode frequencies at high solar activity

Abstract

Acoustic mode frequencies obtained by applying spherical harmonic decomposition to HMI, MDI, and GONG observations were analysed throughout the solar cycle. Evidence of a deviation from a linear relation with solar radio flux was found indicating a saturation effect at high solar activity. The Gompertz model, which is one of the most frequently used sigmoid functions to fit growth data, is used. It is shown that its fitting to MDI and GONG data are statistically significant and a median saturation of 400 sfu is estimated. This saturation level is 50 per cent larger than any obtained in the last century, hence the small effect observed in the minimum-to-maximum frequency shift. However, as shown here, it should not be disregarded.