Including non-English language articles in systematic reviews: A reflection on processes for identifying low-cost sources of translation support

Abstract

Non-English language (NEL) articles are commonly excluded from published systematic reviews. The high cost associated with professional translation services and associated time commitment are often cited as barriers. Whilst there is debate as to the impact of excluding such articles from systematic reviews, doing so can introduce various biases. In order to encourage researchers to consider including these articles in future reviews, this paper aims to reflect on the experience and process of conducting a systematic review which included NEL articles. It provides an overview of the different approaches used to identify sources of low-cost translation support and considers the relative merits of, among others, seeking support through universities, social media, word-of-mouth, and use of personal contacts.