Evaluation of in-vitro biocompatibility and antimicrobial activities of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles by hydrothermal method

Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the nanomaterials that have been widely used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and biomedical applications which include drug delivery, cancer treatment, biosensors, and genetic engineering. In this study, TiO2 NPs have been synthesized via hydrothermal method. The samples were calcinated at different temperatures such as 450 and 500 °C. The structural, functional group, morphological and elemental composition analyses of the synthesized materials were conducted by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and elemental dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Various concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/mL) of synthesized TiO2 NPs were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The maximum zone of inhibition was observed in the synthesized TiO2 NPs (100 μg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus (15 mm), Bacillus Subtilis (16 mm), Escherichia coli (18 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17 mm), and the results indicated that the antimicrobial activities of the TiO2 NPs were tested against pathogenic bacteria. Overall, the results indicated that TiO2 nanoparticles could elicit the viability of lymphocytes at all investigated concentrations (50, 100, 250 and 500 μg/mL). Hence, we concluded that the in-vitro hemolytic and antibacterial activities of TiO2 NPs, indicated the good potential biomedical applications.