A Literature Review of Self-care Behaviors among Patients with Diabetes Using the Theory of Planned Behavior

Abstract

Background: Taking into consideration the increment of the diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence rate, the importance of effective management strategies becomes more pronounced in promoting the well-being of patients affected by the condition. Among the various approaches to managing DM, self-care behaviors (SCBs) have emerged as crucial elements contributing to positive outcomes. Purpose: This review of literature aims to investigate and examine current research, offering a detailed comprehension of the SCBs practiced by individuals with diabetes. Methods: Self-care encompasses a wide spectrum of activities. However, the focus of our literature search and review is medication adherence (MA) and physical activities (PA). The authors used the following databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, EBSCO, and Google Scholar scientific databases. The forthcoming keywords were utilized: diabetes, SCBs (similar terms like self-care, self-care management and, self-care practices are used), DM, MA, PA, and the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Results: This review included 39 studies. The rates of MA ranged from 26% to 94%. Conversely, the rates of adherence to PA ranged from 9% to 77%. Correlates for MA and PA were identified. Conclusion: This thorough literature review has explored the complex domain of SCBs in individuals with DM, employing the TPB as its guiding framework. This review offered valuable insights into the factors impacting the incorporation of SCBs within the framework of diabetes management. Implications for Nursing: The findings of this review give directions for nursing researchers and practitioners, so as to develop effective interventions for individuals with DM.