Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Evolution from Water by a Composite Catalyst of NH2-MIL-125(Ti) and Surface Nickel(II) Species

Abstract

A composite of the metal–organic framework (MOF) NH2-MIL-125(Ti) and molecular and ionic nickel(II) species, catalyzed hydrogen evolution from water under UV light. In 95 v/v % aqueous conditions the composite produced hydrogen in quantities two orders of magnitude higher than that of the virgin framework and an order of magnitude greater than that of the molecular catalyst. In a 2 v/v % water and acetonitrile mixture, the composite demonstrated a TOF of 28 mol H2g(Ni)−1h−1and remained active for up to 50 h, sustaining catalysis for three times longer and yielding 20-fold the amount of hydrogen. Appraisal of physical mixtures of the MOF and each of the nickel species under identical photocatalytic conditions suggest that similar surface localized light sensitization and proton reduction processes operate in the composite catalyst. Both nickel species contribute to catalytic conversion, although different activation behaviors are observed.