Immature stages of New Caledonian Tingidae (Heteroptera): Description and development

Abstract

Second to fifth instars of nine New Caledonian species of Tingidae are described. A key to fifth instars is provided. The comparison of immature stages among the known larvae shows that translocation of marginal tubercles in larvae, considered as the general rule, is absent in New Caledonian larvae. Also, external morphology of larvae becomes more complex through development, by the addition and ramification of tubercles, as it does also through evolution. Such a tendency is reminiscent of a heterochronous phenomenon, like peramorphosis. Translocation phenomenon could be an intermediate stage of evolution in terms of aquiring more tubercles.