Experimental evaluation of calcein and alizarin red S for immersion marking of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844)

Abstract

Calcein (CAL) and alizarin red S (ARS) at concentrations of 50–200 and 150–300 mg/L, respectively, were used for immersion marking of juvenile silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (79.65 ± 2.11 mm total length, mean ± SD). The marked fish were kept in separate tanks (0.012 individuals per litre, rearing temperature 18.4–25.7°C) for 360 days. Each experimental treatment group consisted of three replicates (16 individuals per replicate). Immersion for 24 h produced detectable marks in the sagittae, lateral line and non-lateral line scales, and fin rays (dorsal, pectoral, ventral, anal, and caudal) at 360 days post-marking. Acceptable marks in the sagittae were observed for CAL at concentrations of 150–200 mg/L and for ARS at concentrations of 200–300 mg/L. Fluorescent marks were poorly visible in all non-lateral line scales from both the CAL- and ARS-treated groups. Acceptable fluorescent marks in the lateral line scales and fin rays were detected for CAL at concentrations of 150–200 and 100–200 mg/L, respectively, and for ARS at concentrations of 200–300 and 150–300 mg/L, respectively. In particular, optimal marks were observed at the highest concentrations investigated in lateral line scales (200 mg/L CAL, 300 mg/L ARS) and fin rays (200 mg/L CAL, 200–300 mg/L ARS). There was no significant difference in the survival or growth of marked fish compared to controls throughout the experiment (P > 0.05).