Navigating the therapeutic landscape of SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetes management: exploring efficacy and emerging concerns

Abstract

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are integral to diabetes treatment, facilitating renal glucose excretion and offering benefits in cardiovascular risk reduction, kidney function preservation, and weight management. However, their integration into diabetes care presents challenges due to associated adverse effects. This review assesses the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetes management. A comprehensive literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar yielded pertinent studies. Clinical evidence demonstrates the effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors in glycemic control and in reducing cardiovascular risks in diabetes patients. Moreover, these agents exhibit positive effects on cardiovascular and renal functions. Despite their therapeutic promise, careful consideration is warranted when integrating SGLT2 inhibitors into diabetes care. Common adverse effects such as genitourinary infections, hypoglycemia, and sporadic diabetic ketoacidosis necessitate rigorous patient monitoring and education. Nonetheless, SGLT2 inhibitors offer a comprehensive approach to diabetes management, showing efficacy across multiple domains. In summary, SGLT2 inhibitors play a crucial role in diabetes care, offering benefits beyond glycemic control. However, their use requires careful patient selection, education, and monitoring to manage associated risks effectively. Awareness of potential adverse effects is essential for optimizing the therapeutic benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus) management.