Node burden-based load-balancing management method for extended network lifetimes of WSNs

Abstract

The sensor nodes of a wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are difficult to replace when they fails after deployment. Sensor nodes are small and low-cost due to limited resources and are vulnerable to several types of application attacks. To solve this problem, many security protocols have been meticulously researched considering the energy efficiency and network attacks. The statistical en-route filtering (SEF) scheme has been proposed to detect bogus data and false report injection attacks that reduce network life. SEF performs early filtering of modulated data using the en-route technique. Deployed nodes transmit a report to the sink node through hop-by-hop communication, and as a result nodes close to the sink node have a relatively high burden. Although many studies have been proposed to improve the energy efficiency of each node based on the SEF scheme, these studies are not considered the Burden of the cluster. A cluster with a high burden exhausts the node energy faster than another cluster with low burden. If a cluster in the upper stream is depleted, it will not be able to receive reports from many regions in the lower stream. Therefore, the SEF should be used to determine proper routing while considering the node density to increase the lifetime of the network. In this paper, we propose a method to control the load balancing of nodes considering the burden ratio and density of nodes. The cluster head node controls the route path using additional cluster information in the proposed scheme. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme prolongs the network lifetime efficiency by 35.645% compared to the existing scheme.