Sejarah dan Perkembangan Ilmu Kalam

Abstract

This study aims to review the historical development of theology from the classical period to the contemporary period and its relationship with Islamic theological thought in the modern era. Theology plays an important role as a basis for understanding the creed and an intellectual response to the challenges of thought in every period of Islamic history. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method on ten major scientific works that discuss the development of Islamic theology. Data were collected through document review and analyzed using descriptive-analytical techniques to trace the evolution of theological thought. The results show that theology of theology experienced three main phases of development: the classical period which emphasized rational defense of faith, the medieval period which combined reason and revelation in theological thought, and the modern period which focused on the issue of pluralism and contemporary socio-religious challenges. This study concludes that Islamic theology is a dynamic discipline and continues to adapt to the intellectual and social contexts of each era.