Disposition of 8-methoxypsoralen in the rat: Methodology for measurement, dose-dependent pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and identification of metabolites

Abstract

The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) were measured in the catheterized rat after a single i.v. dose. Blood samples were collected serially and analyzed using a sensitive and specific assay for [14C]-8-MOP. Total body clearance of 8-MOP was 7.3, 3.9, 1.7, 1.0, 0.78 and 0.42 liters/kg/hr at doses of 0.2, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. The decline in total body clearance indicates that elimination of 8-MOP is dose-dependent in the rat. After i.v. administration of 10 mg/kg of 8-MOP, 71 and 26% of the dose was recovered within 72 hr in the urine and feces, respectively. Unchanged 8-MOP accounted for less than 1% of the excreted radioactivity. In tissue distribution studies at 0.5, 2 and 5 hr after i.v. administration, 8-MOP distributed rapidly to all tissues and concentrated in the fat and kidneys. The concentration of 8-MOP in the skin was 0.4 to 0.6 times that in the blood. Eleven metabolites of 8-MOP were detected in the urine. The metabolites identified after enzymatic hydrolysis were 8-hydroxypsoralen; 5-hydroxy-8-methoxypsoralen; 5,8-dihydroxypsoralen; 5,8-dioxopsoralen; 6-(7-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumaryl)-acetic acid and 8-MOP (formed by ring closure of a coumaric acid metabolite). Thus, these studies indicate that 8-MOP is metabolized in the rat by 1) O-demethylation; 2) hydroxylation at position 5; 3) hydrolysis of the lactone ring and 4) oxidation of the furan ring, a pathway already confirmed in insects, dogs and humans.