Ciprofloxacin removal from aqueous media by adsorption process: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

In this study, the adsorption of ciprofloxacin was reviewed from aqueous media (water and wastewater) in studies published over the last years (1990–2020). The objective of this research was to analyze ciprofloxacin removal from aqueous media by adsorption process through a systematic review and meta-analysis. It was found that the ciprofloxacin adsorption data were well fitted on the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The review further showed that the optimum pH ranged from 6 to 8.5 in most articles. Based on the reported results, the temperature and standard enthalpy change (ΔH°) varied in the range of 273–388 K and –1,212.6 to 170.21 kJ/mol, respectively. The maximum reported adsorption capacity for ciprofloxacin was 1,575 mg/g for C@silica core/shell nanoparticles. Also, the minimum adsorption capacity was related to birnessite (47 ng/g). The most effective adsorbent for ciprofloxacin removal was C@silica core/shell nanoparticles from ZIF-8. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that the adsorption process could remove ciprofloxacin with an acceptable mean efficiency of 59.32% (95% CI: 44.66–73.97). It can be suggested to apply the novel hybrid processes, adsorbent modification, composite adsorbent development, neural network modeling to increase ciprofloxacin adsorption.