Histological and immunohistochemically profiles of renal cell carcinoma in northern Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Histologically, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is classified into predominantly clear cell carcinoma, papillary carcinoma (PC), chromophobe carcinoma, collecting ducts of Bellini carcinoma and Xp11 carcinoma. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate histological profile and staining patterns of RCC subtypes. Materials and Method: All cases of RCC histologically diagnosed in the pathology department of a teaching hospital in northern Nigeria in 2015 were stained using a panel of 34ẞE12, CK7, RCC-ma and CD10 antibodies. Results: Around 23 cases of RCC, at stage III, were diagnosed. Male: Female ratio was 1:1.9 with a mean age of 40±13 years. The tumors comprised of 11 (47.8%), cases of clear cell (CC) carcinoma, 7 (30.4%) cases of PC, 4 (17.4%) cases of chromophobe carcinoma and a case (4.4%) of Xp11.2associated carcinoma. Eighty-eight percent of the CC carcinomas were RCC-ma+, 63% were CD10+ while 50% were CK7+. Seventy-five percent of the PCs were RCC-ma+ and 50% were CD10+. The chromophobe (CP) and the Xp11.2-associated carcinomas were only positive for RCC-ma and CD10. All cases of PCs, chromophobe and Xp11.2 related carcinomas were negative for CK7, and all were 34ẞE12 negative. Conclusion: In contrast to populations with high incidence of RCC, our patients are predominantly female, younger, presented at higher stages and mostly presented with CC carcinoma.