A Comprehensive Review on the Recent Technological Advancements in the Processing, Safety, and Quality Control of Ready-to-Eat Meals

Abstract

Ready-to-eat meals (RTEMs) are increasingly popular due to their convenience, but ensuring their safety and quality presents significant challenges. This comprehensive review analyzes recent technological advancements in RTEM safety control throughout the entire supply chain, from raw material sourcing to consumer consumption. We examine cutting-edge detection methods, including chromatography–mass spectrometry, real-time PCR, and CRISPR-based techniques for contaminants such as pesticide residues, veterinary drugs, heavy metals, and microorganisms. The review also explores innovative sterilization processes, such as irradiation, microwave, and radio frequency technologies, emphasizing their impact on microbial safety and product quality. Furthermore, we discuss the crucial role of packaging innovations, including modified atmosphere packaging, functional antimicrobial materials, and intelligent packaging systems, in preserving RTEM freshness and extending shelf life. This review provides valuable insights into current trends and future directions in RTEM safety and quality control, aiming to contribute to sustainable growth and consumer confidence in this rapidly expanding industry.