Effect of Magnesium Sulphate on Perioperative Hemodynamic Responses in Hypertensive Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. A Randomized Controlled Double Blinded Trial

Abstract

Background: Orotracheal intubation is one of the most invasive perioperative stimuli. Orotracheal intubation is associated with stimulation of somatic and visceral nociceptive afferents of the epiglottis, hypopharynx, peritracheal area, and vocal cords, which augment sympathetic activity. Transient tachycardia and hypertension are common cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and intubation.