Genetic diversity of the white-eared opossum didelphis albiventris (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) in Argentina

Abstract

The white-eared opossum Didelphis albiventris Lund, 1840, is one the largest and most common species of marsupial in Argentina, distributed from the north of the country up to Neuquén and Río Negro provinces in the south. The species is present in contrasting environments, such as the Monte (desert) and the Parana Forest (rainforest), and is also adapted to live in large cities and agricultural fields. Although there are some phylogeographic analyses of Brazilian populations of D. albiventris, showing little variation and some geographic structure, up to now none of them included samples from Argentina. The aim of this contribution is to analyze the genetic structure of the species, using two mitochondrial markers (cytochrome b and D-loop) on a wide geographic coverage in Argentina (> 10° S). Results showed little genetic variation and low haplotype diversity, with lesser values than those reported for Brazilian populations. This small variation could be due to a sudden expansion, which is supported by field observations of the species expanding to the south. Unfortunately, the low genetic variability resulted in low statistical power to give conclusive results in the mismatch analysis or the Bayesian skyline plot. Another possibility is high levels of gene flow, which is consistent flow, which is consistent with the low correlation beween genetic and geographic distances detected in the Mantel test (althogh statistically signicant) and the wide home range that the species has. A different approach, using a different set of markers, is needed in order to analyze the phylogeographic history of D. albiventris.