Proactivity and Psychological Capital: an integrative review of scientific production

Abstract

Proactivity and the components of Psychological Capital (PsyCap) are emerging concepts, defined as positive psychological capabilities, which impact competitiveness and performance, and contribute to the construction of healthier organizations. Given the great interest on the subject, this study aimed to review the literature in search of possible relationships between Proactivity and PsyCap, pointing out associations, differences and negative effects resulting from high levels of PsyCap and Proactivity in individuals.This review comprised a period of 20 years, which required the analysis of 208 articles and the selection of 26 documents for the study. The results showed relationships between Proactivity and the components of PsyCap (Self-efficacy, Hope, Resilience and Optimism), since both are aligned with positivity, performance, persistence and environmental uncertainties. They were also indirectly related through other constructs such as feedback, engagement, adaptability, happiness and leadership. In addition to the congruences, important differences were observed between the concepts. Proactive guidelines are covered with strategies, self-regulation, and involve the active role of the human being with intentionality, while the components of Psychological Capital appear more associated with circumstantial aspects. Some negative points were also observed, such as conflicts between people considered proactive and violence associated with self-efficacy.