A Predator–Prey Model with Beddington–DeAngelis Functional Response and Multiple Delays in Deterministic and Stochastic Environments

Abstract

In view of prey’s delayed fear due to predators, delayed predator gestation, and the significance of intra-specific competition between predators when their populations are sufficiently large, a prey–predator population model with a density-dependent functional response is established in a deterministic environment. We research the existence and asymptotic stability of the equilibrium statuses. Then, taking into consideration environmental disturbances, we extend the deterministic model to a stochastic model and research the existence and stationary distributions of stochastic solutions. Finally, we perform some numerical simulations to verify the theoretical results. Numerical examples indicate that fear, delays and environmental disturbance play crucial roles in the system stability of the equilibrium status.